Insurance math

Medical Underwriting Life Insurance

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Medical Underwriting Life Insurance Medical underwriting: is a qualified evaluation of the health state of the client that wants to enter into an insurance contract covering (at least partly) mortality or morbidity risks; the corresponding procedure is based on results of the entry medical examination; the insurer's approach to a person with health ...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 369

Premium Reserve and Its Implications in Life Insur

Premium Reserve and Its Implications in Life Insurance Surrender: means that withdrawing life insurance policyholders are entitled to non-forfeiture benefits (which are benefits that are not lost because of the premature cessation of premium payments); the surrender amount is usually a given part of the corresponding premium reserve so that only th...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 396

Multiple Life Insurance Formulas

    Multiple Life Insurance Formulas    Multiple life insurance: are insurance products, in which insurance benefits depend on life status (mostly "alive" or "dead") of several lives (married couples, whole families, boards of directors, and the like); in such situations one applies the actuarial model ofn-tuples with entry ages (x1, ..., xn...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 409

Life Annuities

Life Annuities   Whole life annuity: provides the annual payments as long as the insured aged x at entry is alive; if the periodic payments are made at the beginning (or at the end) of each payment period, i.e. in advance (or in arrear), then such an annuity is called annuity-due (or im...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 278

Further Products of Capital Life Insurance

Further Products of Capital Life Insurance    Endowment: provides the payment of the sum insured at the end of the year of death for the insured aged x at entry, only if death occurs within the first n years, otherwise at the end of the stipulated term of n years (i.e. ...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 279

Whole Life and Term Insurance

Whole Life and Term Insurance  Whole life insurance: provides the payment of the sum insured at the end of the year of death for the insured aged x at ...

Wednesday, 11 May 2011 | Hits: 290

World-Finances News

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World-Finances : International Bank Reform

World-Finances : International Bank Reform   With the goals of reducing poverty and providing common economical stability, the International Bank and its organizations have been reinventing themselves for many years, from technocrats in the 1950s to developmental lenders in 1960s through the 1980s to collapced managers in the 1990s. However, organization needs a new task for the new millennium - world-finances bank reform. With the shift to market-based economical systems and the new access to capital, net transfers  to developing countries from the International Bank and the IBRD have been negative every year since 1991....

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Modern portfolio theory

  The portfolio perspective in this website is focus on the aggregate of all the investor's holdings: the portfolio. Because economic fundamentals influence the average returns of many assets, the risk associated with one asset's returns is generally related to the risk associated with other assets' returns. If we evaluate the prospects of each asset in isolation and ignore their interrelationships, we will likely misunderstand the risk and return prospects of the investor's total investment position—our most basic conce...

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TACTICAL ASSET ALLOCATION

                          Tactical asset allocation (TAA) involves deliberately underweighting or overweighting asset classes relative to their target weights in the policy portfolio in an attempt to add value. TAA is active management at the asset-class level. Thus in a top-down perspective, TAA would follow the strategic asset allocation decision and stand one level above decisions about how to manage money within an asset class....

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SELECTING A FIXED-INCOME MANAGER

          When funds are not managed entirely in-house, a search for outside managers must be conducted. Because the average institutional fixed-income portfolio has approximately 85 percent of the assets managed actively and 15 percent indexed, we focus our attention here on the selection of an active manager....

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The Equity Manager Questionnaire

                  A typical equity manager questionnaire examines five key areas: organization/people, philos­ophy/process, resources, performance, and fees. The questionnaire creates a formal basis for directly comparing different investment fi...

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What is Alternative Investments

    Alternative investments comprise groups of investments with risk and return characteristics that differ markedly from those of traditional stock and bond investments....

Metal Invest

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The precious metals

Precious metals and minerals. Silver and gold

The image of precious metals can depend on when investors first started to take an interest in the stock market. Those who first surfaced in the late 70s will remember the huge rise in the silver price when the Hunt brothers, who made their fortune in oil in the US, tried to make another one by cornering the silver market with ultimately disastrous consequences for themselves and others. Before that,

Sunday, 10 April 2011 Comments

Minirals Industry

Industrial minerals

The last broad category we will look at is industrial minerals. This sector could also include minerals such as sand and gravel, limestone and clay, but these raw materials are most closely associated with the building industry and their value added is often minimal. In addition, producers appear inconstruction share portfolios not in mining portfolios, so they have been left

Sunday, 10 April 2011 Comments

Metal Industries

Future of metals. Metal industry

From the above it might be thought that metals have had their day and become merely a sideshow to the main event of service industry/hightechnology powered growth. Certainly during the internet boom between 1998 and 2001, investors found little to excite them in the mining sector. But midway through 2001 the gold price finally bottomed and gold shares began a rise that within a year saw some of them achieve

Sunday, 10 April 2011 Comments

Forex

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Technical Analysis Guide

Psychology of Trading - Trade Your

Psychology of Trading - Trade Your Personality Do you like to fish in a secluded lake or ski down a black diamond slope? How you answer that question could determine the way you should trade - every trader has his own psychology of trading. Fishing is a slow, solitary activity fraught with many unsuccessful attempts at snagging a catch. It requires discipline, patience, and the ability to remain focused on a

Wednesday, 20 April 2011 Comments

Stock Trend Analysis and Trend Definition

Forex Analysis Tools

Forex Analysis Tools    Some traders will choose to trade strictly off technicals and will require sophisticated charts with many tech­nical studies. In some markets, such as foreign exchange , most of the software is available for free directly from the brokers - wich called forex analysis tools. But for traders with more stringent requirements, top-line products typ­ically do not cost more than several hundred dollars per month.

Wednesday, 20 April 2011 Comments

Millionaire lyrics

Millionaire Lyrics - Steven Ickow about Risk on

Millionaire Lyrics - Steven Ickow about Risk on Trade How much risk on trade do you typically allow yourself mr. Steven Ickow? 10 cents ? 15 cents? A : It depends, but usually not much at all. I am typically getting long on the bid with someone and if the guy leaves, I am out. Now there are times when the guy bails and there is nothing I can do. But usually

Wednesday, 20 April 2011 Comments

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The gold story.

Gold generates more emotion than the rest of the metal sector put together. It has its supporters and its detractors, not all of whom are rational. Despite that, gold shares rate, in my view, a positi...

New gold mines. Gold booms. Gold discove

One of the main problems that an ageing industry like the gold mining industry faces is finding new sources of gold. Both South Africa and Canada have seen output levels fall sharply over the last few...

Psychology of Trading - Trade

Psychology of Trading - Trade Your Personality Do you like to fish in a secluded lake or ski down a black diamond slope...

Trade Lesson by Marcelino Livi

Trade Lesson 1 - Make Sure You Have Enough Funds to Sustain Your Position Marcelino Livian is the epitome of a long-ter...

Paul Willette About Overtrade

Support from Loved Ones Is Key One of the least appreciated aspects of forex trading is that it requires an enormous am...

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Constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) strategy

A buy and hold strategy has been called a linear investment strategy because portfolio returns are a linear function of stock returns. The share purchases and sales involved in constant-mix and Constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) strategies introduce nonlinearities in the ...

Monday, 30 May 2011 | Hits: 348

The Yield Curve and Inflation

The yield curve - default-risk-free  reflects investors' required return at various maturities. It incorporates not only individuals' time preferences for current versus future real consumption but also expected inflation and the maturity premium demanded....

Sunday, 29 May 2011 | Hits: 336

Central Bank Policy

Central banks wield power in the capital markets through the influence of their monetary and interest rate decisions on liquidity and interest rates. Their influence is felt in both bond and stock markets and called Central Bank P...

Sunday, 29 May 2011 | Hits: 334

Stock Concentration Positions

Jonathan Wiese, CFA, serves as investment counsel for the Lane family. Franklin Lane, 62 years old, has a 2 million share position in Walton Energy, Inc. (WEI), an actively traded mid-cap energy company, accumulated through five years' service on its board of directors and earlier service as chief operating o...

Sunday, 29 May 2011 | Hits: 369

Markets

Loading
Chart
o Microsoft 29.27 ▼0.45 (-1.51%)
o Google 600.40 ▼22.65 (-3.64%)
o BRE 48.10 ▼0.89 (-1.82%)
o Yahoo 15.42 ▲0.55 (3.70%)
NASDAQ:MSFT

Microsoft

Company ID [NASDAQ:MSFT] Last trade:29.27 Trade time:4:00PM EDT Value change:▼0.45 (-1.51%)
NASDAQ:GOOG

Google

Company ID [NASDAQ:GOOG] Last trade:600.40 Trade time:4:00PM EDT Value change:▼22.65 (-3.64%)
NYSE:BRE

BRE

Company ID [NYSE:BRE] Last trade:48.10 Trade time:4:00PM EDT Value change:▼0.89 (-1.82%)
NASDAQ:YHOO

Yahoo

Company ID [NASDAQ:YHOO] Last trade:15.42 Trade time:4:00PM EDT Value change:▲0.55 (3.70%)

Capital Market Expectations

Forecasting Exchange Rates. Purchasing P

There are four broad approaches to forecasting exchange rates, and most forecasters probably use a combination of them all. Purchasing Power Parity, Relative Economic Strength, Capital flows, Savings—Investment ...

Wednesday, 18 May 2011

Exogenous Shocks, Oil Shocks

Exogenous shocks are events from outside the economic system that affect its course. These could be short-lived political events, changes in government policy, or natural disasters, for example. How do shocks contrast with economic trends? Over time, trends in an economy are likely to stay relatively constant. As such, they ...

Tuesday, 17 May 2011

Fixed Income Manager

Emerging Market Debt

Emerging markets comprise those nations whose economies are considered to be developing and are usually taken to include Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, Russia, the Middle East, and Asia excluding Japan. Emerging market debt (EMD) includes sovereign bonds (bonds issued by a national government) as well as debt securities issued ...

Friday, 20 May 2011

Interest Rate Options. Hedging with Opti

Interest rate options can be written on cash instruments or futures. Several exchange-traded option contracts have underlying instruments that are debt instruments. These contracts are referred to as options on ...

Friday, 20 May 2011

Alternative Investment

Distressed securities

Distressed securities are the securities of companies that are in financial distress or near bankruptcy. Investment strategies using distressed securities exploit the fact that many investors are unable to hold below-investment-grade securities because of regulatory or investment policy restriction...

Saturday, 28 May 2011

Benchmarks. NCREIF. NAREIT

Performance of private equity in real estate may vary and does not necessarily correlate closely with the benchmarks discussed here. More importantly, it has been observed that the real estate market lags behind publicly traded real estate ...

Wednesday, 25 May 2011

Equity Manager

EQUITY RESEARCH. Buy-Side versus Sell-Si

The terms buy side and sell side refer to the source of the equity research. Buy side refers to those who do research with the intent of assembling a portfolio, such as investment management firms....

Tuesday, 24 May 2011

Equity Swaps

Conceptually, equity swaps resemble the more widely known fixed-income and currency swaps. The distinct feature of an equity swap is that at least one side of the transaction receives the total return of either an equity instrument or, more commonly, an equity index ...

Friday, 20 May 2011